Multicultural Education And Its Importance - 1205 Words

Multicultural Education and Its Importance in Schools and Society. Multicultural education is a term used to describe a wide variety of programs and practices. Multicultural instruction may be a thought alternately an idea that know understudies ought to have an rise to good fortune to take in over class in any case about their gender, social class, Also racial/cultural qualities. Multicultural training will be likewise a instructive change development. It includes downright one school alternately instructive surroundings reform, not recently curricular progressions. Multicultural instruction will be also a continuous procedure a direct result its objectives might never a chance to be totally attained. Multicultural training is the†¦show more content†¦Multicultural education acknowledges and incorporates positive racial idiosyncrasies into classroom atmospheres. Multicultural training not main draws content, concepts, paradigms, Also hypotheses from specific interdisciplina ry fields, for example, ethnic investigations Also ladies investigations (and starting with historical backdrop and the social Furthermore behavioral sciences), it Additionally interrogates, challenges, Furthermore reinterprets content, concepts, Also paradigms starting with those built orders. (Campus Activities (n.d.) )Multicultural instruction applies substance from these fields Furthermore orders with instructional method Also educational module advancement done instructive settings. Consequently, we might define multicultural training Likewise An field of study planned should build instructive value to the sum scholars that incorporates, for this purpose, content, concepts, principles, theories, Also paradigms starting with history, those social and behavioral sciences, Also especially from ethnic investigations and ladies investigations. Ladson-Billings G. (1994) ) Multicultural training is both the scholars Furthermore educators tolerant each race, religion Furthermore societ y. The reason for multicultural training will be with make scholars create understanding and appreciation from claiming A large number racial Furthermore ethnic aggregations which they must bargainShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Multicultural Education901 Words   |  4 Pagescurriculum is critical to achieving a multicultural school setting for students. The implications of my findings for teaching and learning are that educators need to better evaluate their texts and curriculum that they use with their students. In Becoming a Multicultural Educator, author James Banks explains that every student should receive an education of high quality and with that they should attain skills that will help them to flourish in a multicultural world (196). Also on page 196, authorRead MoreThe Importance Of A Formal Multicultural Education883 Words   |  4 PagesAll people I interviewed did not receive a formal multicultural education and they learned from their interactions with people at t heir home, church, working places as well as from their travels. They all agreed that knowing people from diverse cultural backgrounds had enriched their life experiences. However, they all agreed that similar human experiences are shared among different races and genders. â€Å"Implicit† test results told me that I hold more personal biases than I had thought. These uncheckedRead MoreThe Importance Of A Multicultural Education And How A Student s Race And Ethnicity Influences951 Words   |  4 Pagesdevelop a personal relation with him or her. With those desired conditions in mind, I chose to volunteer with the Center for Latino Achievement and Success in Education (CLASE). Within this placement, I expected to observe various critical issues in education in play. I predicted that I would learn about the importance of a multicultural education and how a student’s race and ethnicity influences the manner in which they are perceived by other teachers and students who ma y not share the same race and/orRead MoreStudents Are Not Entering The Classroom With The Knowledge And Understanding Of Multicultural Education762 Words   |  4 Pagesthe classroom with the knowledge and understanding of the importance of multicultural literature. The students are suffering due to the lack of diverse reading literature incorporated into units of reading study. There is a need for staff developments and in-services to help educate teachers on ways to provide multicultural literacy awareness in primary schools. Objectives †¢ To heightening the awareness of the importance of multicultural literature in early grades. †¢ To prepare educators for diversityRead MoreMulticultural Literacy And Bullying Is Through Education849 Words   |  4 Pagesmulticulturalism to fight discrimination and bullying is through education. Through classroom libraries, teachers can provide a wide variety of multicultural books. Elementary classroom libraries are an essential tool to assist in building cultural awareness and acceptance of diverse family units, races, creeds, learning abilities; therefore bullying will decrease and greater understanding among students will develop. Multicultural classroom libraries will build understanding and empathy and createRead MoreThe Diversity Of Student Populations907 Words   |  4 PagesThe article by Brant (2013) discusses the importance of the ways teachers and teacher educators act towards multicultural education. The study discussed pre service social studies teachers’ understanding of multicultural education. The study was based on of the ten themes of standard s by the National Curriculum for Social Studies. Sixty-nine pre service teachers from a university completed a survey to rate how they understood various multicultural education terms and their self-efficacy towards workingRead MoreMulticultural Education : A Truly Multicultural Mosaic1259 Words   |  6 PagesMulticultural education incorporates the idea that all students- regardless of their gender, social class, and ethnic, racial, or cultural characteristics- should have an equal opportunity to learn in school, (Banks Banks, 2010, p. 3.) For centuries our country, the United States of America, has been known as the â€Å"melting pot† in a sense that our world was moving towards multiculturalism. Some see the old metaphor, the â€Å"melting pot† fading away within the last decade and has grown into a new term(s)Read MoreIssues in Multicultural Education900 Words   |  4 PagesIssues in Multicultural Education Effective instructors must understand the issues that impact multicultural education in the United States. The significance of providing an eminence instruction in an unbiased approach to all of their students is essential. The tide of demographic changes in the United States has affected most classrooms in our schools. As a result, some classroom teachers realize they must quickly acquire a comprehensive understanding of ethnic, cultural, and social-class diversityRead MoreMulticultural Education Should Promote Cultural Consciousness, Empower Intercultural Awareness931 Words   |  4 Pagesprograms, with the goal of social justice agenda as a result. It is important to mention that the community immersion experiences are and important companion for the multicultural education classes ( Sleeter, 2001). Multicultural education should aim to creating a safe and a productive full access learning experience for all students equally with no consideration for race, color and background, Increasing awareness of global issues. It should enhance cultural consciousness, empower interculturalRead MoreImplications For School Districts : Multicultural Education1187 Words   |  5 PagesImplications for School Districts Multicultural education encompasses a variety of instructional methods designed to support the social and academic needs of the learners within the educational environment. Banks (2002) discusses several benefits to incorporating different cultures into a school’s curriculum as well as a strategic plan for executing the strategies. Restructuring a school’s curriculum is an enormous task that requires planning, professional development, monitoring, and evaluation

Ethical and Social Concerns in Global Business - 2644 Words

Name: Course: Tutor: Date: QUESTION: Critically examine the ethical and social concerns in global business and their relevance in the Kenyan economic situation. Introduction Ethics are defined as the process of distinguishing the right and good from the wrong and bad and they call for a moral responsibility to pursue the good and right. Business ethics are concerned with the good or right and the bad or wrong behavior in the business organization context. Social responsibility on the other hand goes hand in hand with business ethics. It advocates that a business should act more responsibly beyond the pure profit or economic motive. The expectations of both ethical conduct and socially responsible conduct can vary in†¦show more content†¦3) Illegal/immoral activities in the host country; practices such as pollution of the environment, the maintenance of unsafe working conditions, the violation of intellectual rights laws in product/technology copying where the protection of patents, trademarks and copyrights is at stake. This has in particular affected to a degree the Kenyan music industry where pirating is rampant. 4) Involvement in politi cal affairs; where political personnel get actively engaged in a country’s normal marketing operations and engage in unjust practices such as illegal technology transfers. The Kenyan government has recently handled claims where top political officers are reported to have liaised with other governments to defraud the state. These include the sale of maize to Sudan and the purchase of government land at china. 5) Questionable commissions paid to channel members; where unreasonably high commissions are paid to sales agents, middlemen, consultants and import officials as fees, there is a reason to raise eyebrows. This is an unethical practice that is present especially in the less developed and developing countries. In Kenya, import officers are known as perpetrators to this menace. 6) Dumping; I since considered dumping as an unethical practice of its own since it is present in Kenya. Dumping is where substandard products are sold cheaply to a country where the use of the produc t in the manufacturing country is outlawed, usedShow MoreRelatedEthical and Social Concerns in Global Business2654 Words   |  11 Pagesexamine the ethical and social concerns in global business and their relevance in the Kenyan economic situation. Introduction Ethics are defined as the process of distinguishing the right and good from the wrong and bad and they call for a moral responsibility to pursue the good and right. Business ethics are concerned with the good or right and the bad or wrong behavior in the business organization context. Social responsibility on the other hand goes hand in hand with business ethics. ItRead MoreThe Critical Implications Of Climate Change For Business1034 Words   |  5 PagesWhat are the critical implications of climate change for business? A business plays a heavy and critical role in the contribution to global climate change. Suzanne Goldberg (2013) reports that only 90 companies worldwide caused two-thirds of the man-made global warming emissions. Oil, coal and gas companies are the major players in the global climate change crisis of the 21st century (Goldberg 2013). Companies such as Chevron, Exxon and BP are three of the highest contributors of greenhouse gasRead MoreImportance of Ethics in International Business1541 Words   |  7 PagesEthics in International Business Executive Summary Ethics in the business world is important and global. Ethics  indicate what is right and what is wrong in  business branches and also lead employees and stakeholders with moral values. Due to the globalization of markets and production processes, business people have to deal with ethical issues in cross-cultural settings at an increasing number. The purpose of this paper is to explain the importance of international business, emphasise the ethicsRead MoreExplicit Organizational Values: The Volkswagen Company658 Words   |  3 PagesEquals Three Corporate Social Responsibility at Volkswagen: Combining Value with Values (Volkswagen, 2006). It presents a detailed corporate philosophy that emphasizes corporate responsibility as one that is equal in importance to the traditional vision of modern business: economic success. It provides a commitment to the community at the local, regional, national, international, and global levels. More specifically, according to the Volkswagen values , the act of doing business in the human communityRead MoreBusiness Analysis : Starbucks Cafe Practices1139 Words   |  5 PagesEthical Sourcing Coffee On point that Starbucks is fully committed to is their one hundred percent ethically sourced coffee. From the Starbucks corporate website in relation to ethically sourced coffee: â€Å"We take a comprehensive approach to ethical sourcing, using responsible purchasing practices; farmer support; economic, social and environmental standards; industry collaboration and community development programs. The cornerstone of our approach is Coffee and Farmer Equity (C.A.F.E.) PracticesRead MoreThe Strengths, Limitations and Challenges of Corporate Social Responsibility in the Global Supply Chains1250 Words   |  5 Pagesin the current market. Rather, ethics in business are becoming highly important for domestic and global companies to meet the expectations of consumers, employees, Non-governmental organizations and other interest groups. As a result to these developments, companies are in competition to adopt good codes of conducts called (CSR) corporate social responsibility which tells consumers and other pressuring groups that a corporate has a good standard of social and environmental system as well as the healthRead MoreEssay on Uop Ethics/316 Week 5 Cross Cu ltural Perspectives1340 Words   |  6 Pagesto similar ethical scenarios. Beekum, Stedam, and Yamamura (2003) suggest these differing conclusions will lead to conflict where one side perceives the outcome is ethical whereas the other does not. Another possible outcome is that one side may not even see a decision even being morally significant. Global organizations have the additional challenge when operating within a multi-national environment of recognizing cultural differences while maintaining a core moral and ethical foundation. Read MoreThe Middle Of Business And Human Rights1653 Words   |  7 Pagesact While the association in the middle of business and human rights is starting to be expounded in global undertakings, there keeps on being a noteworthy absence of understanding and scholastic investigation about the relationship in the middle of business and youngsters. Global youngsters rights are more than a legitimate concern, they give a system to translate and evaluate circumstances, and to actualize and screen change. This article offers two conversation starters. In the first place,Read MoreHow Do Global Regulations Influence Businesses Operating Internationally? What Are The Major Obstacles?1328 Words   |  6 PagesChapter 4: 1. How do global regulations influence businesses operating internationally? What are the major obstacles to global regulation? The rationale for government regulation is to protect economic wellness and competition in the market. Without competition, organizations have the ability to exploit the market. Public concerns include unethical practices such as scams, price fixing, and false advertising. Social concerns include pollution, protecting historic or natural resources, workplaceRead MoreConcept Of Corporate Social Responsibility1723 Words   |  7 PagesSocial responsibility is an idea that has been of concern to mankind for many years. Over the last two decades, however, it has become of increasing concern to the business world. This has resulted in growing interaction between governments, businesses and society as a whole. In the past, businesses primarily concerned themselves with the economic results of their decisions. â€Å"Today, however, businesses must also reflect on the legal, ethical, moral and social consequences of their decisions† (Anderson

My Tuesdays With Morrie Essay Example For Students

My Tuesdays With Morrie Essay Kelly Kleinhesselink Professor Kramer Basic Writing 20 November 2000 My Tuesdays With Morrie Essay Mitch Albom, author of Tuesdays with Morrie, is flipping through his TV stations one night and he heard these words come from his TV set, Who is Morrie Schwartz? And Mitch went numb. Mitch found out through the TV show Nightline that his life long friend and teacher is dying and Mitch knows that he has to go and see him. Mitch goes to see his old college professor and what starts out as a one-day meeting turns into a four-month class. The class is conducted in Morries house in the suburb or Boston, there are no books or any other students, just Mitch and Morrie. Throughout this class Morrie teaches Mitch the lessons of life; lessons such as death, fear, aging, greed, marriage, family, society, forgiveness, and a meaningful life. As Morries conditions worsen, Mitchs condition is getting better, Mitch is becoming a better person with the help of Morrie. Finally Morries life comes to an end, and Mitch graduates from Life 101. I felt the seeds of death inside his shriveling frame, and as I laid him in his chair, adjusting his head on the pillow, I had the coldest realization that our time was running out. (Pg. 59) That is what Mitch, a journal writer for the Detroit Free Press, said as he lifted his old college teacher from his wheelchair to his recliner. His old college teacher is Morrie Schwartz, a man that is dying from ALS otherwise known as Lou Gehrig disease. As the book goes on, Morrie reaches out to people who want to talk and he teaches them about the real lessons of life, while he is lying on his deathbed. Tuesdays With Morrie is an excellent book because Morrie teaches Mitch lessons about marriage, greed, and family that young adults can learn from. Love each other or perish. This quote sums up all of Morries views and beliefs on the topic of marriage and love. This statement says a lot and I feel that young adults can learn a very big lesson from this short quote. Love and marriage are very important because we all need someone to love and to love back, if we dont we are going to live a very lonely and unhappy life. There is a set of rules that Morrie stated in this book that I feel young adults could learn a lot from. Morrie said that your going to have a lot of trouble if you dont respect the other person, if you dont now how to compromise, if you cant talk openly about what goes on between you, and if you dont have a common set of values in life. And the biggest one of those values is your belief in the importance of your marriage. I think that everything that Morrie says in that passage is very true. When he talks about if you dont know how to compromise then you are going to have a lot of trouble. This is very true, if you cant work and give up some things to make things succeed with the person that you love then you are going to have a lot of problems. I really feel that young adults can learn a lot from that passage as well as throughout the book about marriage. Another issue that Morrie talks to Mitch about that I feel young adults can learn from is greed, and how we as people put our values in the wrong things. I also feel that this is true in todays society. We do put our values in the wrong things, we put our values in money, cars, cloths, and many others, but we all know that that is the wrong place to put our heart. Im sure that we have all heard the quote, When we die, you cant take it with you. Since this has been mentioned so much I dont need to go in depth about it, but I really feel that this is true, we need to realize that we cant take our material things with us when we die. Imbedded journalists Essay What I think that young adults can learn from this chapter is that you dont go through your whole life putting .

Chapter Notes free essay sample

Eloquence prized in ancient India Africa and china, Aztec etc * Classic Greece and Rome apart of civil life * Aristotle rhetoric composed during the 3rd century Bcc still condensed most Important work on Its subject- principals are followed by speakers today ; Roman leader Cicero used speeches to defend liberty * Objective apply methods and strategies to cheese Similarities between public speaking and conversation 1.Organizing thoughts logically 2. Tailoring message to audience 3. Telling a story for maximum impact 4. Adapting to listener feedback Differences between public speaking and conversation * Public speaking Is more highly structured- Imposes strict time limitations and no questions or commentary. Speaker must anticipate questions and answer them.More detailed planning and prep than ordinary conversation Public speaking requires more formal language- listeners react negatively who do not elevate and polish their language * Public speaking requires different method of devilry Developing Confidence * Stage fright- anxiety over the prospect f giving a speech In front of an audience Adrenaline- hormone released into bloodstream in response to physical or mental stress * Positive nervousness-controlled nervousness that helps energize speaker for her or his presentation Dealing with nervousness: 1 . We will write a custom essay sample on Chapter Notes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Acquire speaking experience 2. Prepare a. Pick speech topics you care about b. Rule of thumb each minute of speaking time requires one or two hours of OFF c. Confidence 4. Power of visualization d. Visualization- mental imaging in which a speaker vividly picture shimmies or herself giving a successful presentation e. Think you will do well and you will . Know most nervousness is onto visible 6. Dont expect perfection f. TAKE SLOW DEEP BREATHES g. REST h. Tighten and relax leg muscles I. Work hard on intro J. Make eye contact k.Use visual aids Public Speaking and Critical Thinking * Critical thinking- focused organized thinking about things as the logical relationships among ideas soundness of evidence and differences between fact and opinion * Organizing speech important part of shaping ideas themselves Speech Communication Process * Speaker- person who is presenting an oral message too listener * Success of beaker depends on you- credibility, knowledge, prep, manner of speaking etc * Message- whatever a speaker communicates to someone else * Goal of public speaking is to have your intended message to be the message that is actually communicated * What you say and how you say it * Channel- means by which a message is communicated * Listener- person who receives the speakers message * Fame of reference- sum of a persons knowledge experience goals values and attitudes. Not two people can have exactly the same frame of reference * To b e an effective speaker you must be audience centered- * Feedback- messages usually nonverbal sent from a listener to a shearer * Two way communicator * Interference-anything that impedes communication of a message. Chapter Notes free essay sample Colonies a protected market for low price consumer goods Sugar Act- raise tax on molasses; Woolen Act- banned export of American wool products; Hat Act- hats cant be traded with other colonies; Stamp Act- tax on paper reduces Champagne Charley Townsend -? Townsend acts -? tax on glass, paper, tea, etc. Committees of Correspondence formed by Samuel Adams resistance spread through propaganda BEES was going out of business, so parliament made their prices super low (with a hidden tax); angered colonists Boston Tea Parry mostly merchants with onlookers Intolerable (Coercive) Acts passed in retaliation: Boston Port act closed port until tea paid for; Quartering Act British troops lodged everywhere; Quebec Act took away Canadas rep. Assembly, extended borders to below GreatLakes region, made Catholicism the religion; Admit of Justice Act English officials accused of murdering colon sits while enforcing royal stuff tried in England; Gob. Act no more assembly 1 SST Continental Congress meets b/c this; 12/13 colonies represented; The Continental Association formed boycott on all British goods; Suffolk Resolves said Mass. We will write a custom essay sample on Chapter Notes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Didnt follow Into. Acts, put Mass. In a state of rebellion (according to British), provisional gob. For Mass. W/ tax, defensive measures taken Created loyalists, patriots, fence ridersCommittees would burn British imports and make the merchant publicly apologize The King ordered General Gage to quell the Rude Rabble by arresting John H and Samuel A England denies repeals made by the ICC , and sends troops to capture Sam Adams, John Hancock, and gunpowder Lexington and concord 700 B troops, 70 MM -8 MM killed, 1 B killed 8 troops continue to Concord, but its empty of people, so they go back to Boston on the return march, colonists shot from hidden areas 273 B casualties, 92 MM casualties Colonies began besieging BostonAfrican Americans took Englands side more John Riley (a soldier) was jailed for hitting a local butcher (riot formed when 20 friends tried to help him) Boston Massacre Soldier who hit a kid was tried, John Adams defended him, found not guilty 100+ men burn a British schooner the Gasped Affair -? commander wounded Gasped was used to enforce the Sugar Act King sends commissi oner to find the bad people and try them in England for treason people scared it threatened constitutional rights Marquis De Lafayette was a major general in the colonial army (theFrench gamecock) No gun factories existed in the colonies, so the France alliance greatly helped them out Valley Forge the rebels went 3 days without food; there were also shortages in manufactured items, like clothing and shoes Some rebels werent ready to fight, so drillmasters got 7-8,000 ready The 2nd continental congress put George Washington in charge of the army in Boston Colonists were stating their loyalty to the King while taking defensive (and offensive) actions against the British Under Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold, British garrisons were captured at Ticonderoga and CrownPoint Colonists seized Bunker (Breeds) Hill Olive Branch Petition American loyalty to the King, asked king to stop attacking rejected German Hessians hired by England more into booty than duty British burnt places (Falmo uth and Norfolk), colonists attacked Canada Thomas Paine Common Sense said they should get independence T Paine said there should be republicanism, where power came from people Richard Henry Lees declaring independence statement was passed July 2; TX wrote DCE. Of mind. Approved July 4, 1776 Loyalists -? Tories (a thing whose dead is in England, and its body in America, and its neck ought to be stretched); Patriots Whig Loyalists strongest where the Anglican church was the strongest; least numerous in EN Patriots numerous-est. where Presbyterianism and Congregationalism were Loyalists treated really badly after DCE of Mind, and most fled Washington greatly outnumbered at Battle of Long Island escaped to Manhattan Island General William Howe didnt really try to go after them, and Washington captured k Hessians George Washington was defeated at Brandywine Creek and Germantown by Howe;

The Influence Of Religion On Humankind Can Be Traced Back To The First

The influence of religion on humankind can be traced back to the first records of history. Religion has served as a pillar of strength to some and binding chains to others. There are vast amounts of information and anthropological studies revealing the interaction of religion and humankind. However, for the purposes of this paper, the time periods of study will be broken up into three sections. Each section will give a general description of how religion affected the institution of the state and its Sovereignty in a Euro-centric perspective. The first period is the early period, which will encompass from Christianity and the Roman Empire to the Medieval times (approx. 311 to 1100 A.D.). The second period will include the Renaissance, the Reformation to the Treaty of Westphalia (1101 to 1648 A.D.). The third and increment of history will range from 1649 to 1945 A.D. The date 311 A.D. marks the issuing of the "Edict of Toleration" for Christians. This date is important because it symbolizes "national" acceptance of Christianity, and planted its roots as a political institution. Later the Roman Empire on the verge of internal collapse acknowledged the importance of Christianity and used it to hold together the remnants of it former self. This adoption of Christianity took form and eventually became the Catholic church. The church became intermingled with politics and became a strong entity. The policies delivered from the church had more authority than the local rulers and magistrates of the developing feudal system. For example, St. Augustine wrote about war and what justified its enactment against fellow men. This policy was followed and adhered to for hundreds of years after St. Augustine wrote it. Another example, is the use of the Bible as a guideline for establishing governing systems. Scripture portrayed God as choosing the king of the people. The pope, being God's "representative" was then given the authority to crown the king. This crowning process gave the pope large influence in the political arena. This ritual continued for a number of centuries. The Crusades, which occurred around 1100 A.D., played a crucial role in challenging the church's authority. The pope identifying the spread of Islam as evil requested all of Europe embark on a "Crusade" to defeat the infidels. As the battles were fought, great treasures were found in the form of books and knowledge. These books were crude translations of old Greek texts, containing information which would eventually produce the waning of Church authority in the future. The Renaissance marked the beginning of intellectual re-birth. Writers such as Dante, Machiavelli, Guiarccidini, Vitoria, etc., all attempting to reform and some even contest church dominance. Dante in his imaginative work "Inferno" writes of hell which he envision is the pope's final destination. Machiavelli takes a more direct role classifying the actions of a prince to be above morality and ultimately above the Church. He continues the affront by classifying a human character of "virtu" as being completely centered around man (humanism). The Raison D' Tat is supreme especially in terms of the church belligerence. In the middle of the Renaissance, the Church was dealt a deadly blow from which it would never recover. This assault came via Martin Luther. His work, "95 Thesis", marked the beginning of the Reformation. This movement split the church into Catholic and Protestant sects. It marked the beginning of a bloody period which virtually split Europe in half. Examples of the conflict raged between Protestants and Catholics from the great slaughter of Protestants in Paris 1572 A.D. (7000 dead) to the Thirty Years War. With the Church in disarray, freedom was given to the "state" to begin to develop. During this period of Renaissance the political identity was going through a tremendous transformation. This transformation took form in what is called Absolutism. "Princes" began to tolerate less and less manipulation from the church. The political entity in the form of monarchy began to wean itself from the Church for its legitimacy and looked toward its own power. Other writers began to rise and discuss issues of sovereignty and the state. Thomas Hobbes discusses the state and refers to it as "Leviathan" which is the concurring title of his work. Believing man to be evil, Hobbes fashions his description of

Sample - Word Essay on Why I Choosed to Pursue My Online Studies

Sample - Word Essay on Why I Choosed to Pursue My Online StudiesSample - Word Essay on Why I Choose to Pursue My Online Studies is one of the popular papers by Dr. Kamal Kumar that has gained much popularity in the recent times. This paper was prepared after a year's worth of studying and research. It helps to distinguish the best level of a student from the others.Online courses are not only for those who do not have enough time or money. They also help to educate people who want to be better with their studies. This means people can now pursue their education to become better in their chosen field of studies like medical, engineering, accounting, medicine, and so on.Students can enroll in these online courses and can get a certificate or diploma in a shorter period of time. These courses are very well-structured and offer different content. Students should be well aware of what they need for their job in life and for their future.In these online courses, there are basic courses and advanced courses. The basic course is meant for the beginners who want to study everything. These courses are also called introductory courses. These courses include first-year course, a foundational course, second-year course, advanced courses, post-baccalaureate course, and so on.The advanced courses are for students who have already mastered basic courses. They include advanced-level courses. They help them to move up in their career and earn a degree.Online education is a good thing. But, the problem with it is many people are not interested in pursuing their studies from home. They find it difficult to study and stay motivated. For them, the physical campus environment can be more suitable as it offers physical presence, the freedom to attend classes, access to tutors, and a place to work at.Online education is not a good option for the struggling students as they will find it hard to manage their time and stay motivated. Though online programs are convenient, there are many w ho think that they offer a better education. However, many colleges and universities have introduced programs for students who want to pursue their studies from home.Online colleges and universities are the best alternative for students who want to pursue their studies from home. There are many who can get a perfect education by doing online education and working at the same time.

Impact of Advertising on Consumer Buyer Behaviour The WritePass Journal

Impact of Advertising on Consumer Buyer Behaviour Introduction Impact of Advertising on Consumer Buyer Behaviour IntroductionElements of marketingHow sales messages are presented through AdvertisementsBehavioral targeting and the psychology of marketingResearch on factors affecting Consumer BehaviorModels used for influencing Consumer BehaviorConclusionReferencesRelated Introduction Advertising used properly is a major tool in the hands of marketing managers which helps enable them to sell products, services and ideas. The idea is to sell products to the consumers.   This has been proved by the fact that companies are investing a lot of time and resources into developing ad campaigns for their products Advertising has gone through many phases. The first era was production-oriented.   Here mass production was seen as a means to selling products by pumping in huge volumes into the market place. As a result demand exceeded supply; hence there was no need to advertise products (Holt, D,1983). They sold themselves. However with the passing of time and due to rising competition, surplus goods were available. As a result of this companies were required to sell their products using a sales oriented mechanism. This typically involved pitching in their products, highlighting their USP’s, so as to convince customers to buy their products rather than their competitors. As a result products became de linked to the volumes in which they were being produce (Belk, Russell.1974). To better approach the problem of selling companies tried many techniques. These techniques combined with the support activities of marketing can be called as advertising. Advertising has been considered important since the time when trade started, then was the time for advertising by mouth, now we have different media platforms for the same purpose. But still the traditional word of mouth holds the best appeal in respect to all advertising platforms. In its initial phases advertising was limited in both time and space. Broadcast commercials are generally 10 to 60 seconds in length. Print ads are generally no larger than two pages, and often much smaller. Advertising therefore needed to do its job in an effective manner. Its primary tasks were to capture the consumers attention, identify itself as being aimed at meeting the needs of that consumer, identifying the product, and delivering the selling message. Elements of marketing Marketing generally consist of advertisements to the target audience. This is in the form of: 1. Copy This consists of words, either spoken or printed that carry a message thereby helping the reader to form an opinion about the subject. 2.   Illustrations Copies can be augmented with the use of pictures, photographs or diagrams. The aim here is to convince the reader to buy the product. Most ads have a mixture of copy and illustration, in size and scope, depending upon how the advertiser wants to convey his sales message. It also depends upon the nature of advertising and the budget for advertising. How sales messages are presented through Advertisements There are two basic ways of presenting a sales message: intellectually and emotionally. An intellectual presentation depends on logical, rational argument so as to convince a consumer to buy the product or service. For example, for many television purchasers, buying doesnt depend on what the case looks like or what effect the machine might have on their social life. What theyre looking for is technical information, what is its resolution, whether it has HDMI, whether it supports USB functionality. The most important part is that of the sales message. This message must encapsulate all the benefits, features of the product and capture all the unique benefits that a consumer might have if he purchases this product vise vie the competitors product. The second basic way to present a sales message is emotionally. In an emotional presentation, here there is a concentration on other aspects of the consumers bundle of values: social, psychological, economic. Here they are clubbed together with core bundle of values. For example, the presentation shows how the product or service enhances the audiences social life by improving their snob value or self-esteem, or how it will increase their earning power. Behavioral targeting and the psychology of marketing Model for buying behavior: Sandhusen, Richard L.: Marketing (2000, S. 218) Decision making plays a huge role in the purchase behavior of consumers. Behavioral marketing can be used to target consumer segments based on the following parameters: 1. Individual factors These include intrinsic factors such as personality, lifestyle, age and income of the individual. 2. Group Influencers These include all those factors that inadvertently help an individual identify himself with a certain class or standing in the society. These could include peer groups, friends, family and culture. 3. Physical environment Factors such as geographical proximity, location climate etc, which vary from place to place. The study of consumers helps firms and organizations improve their marketing strategies by understanding issues such as how Consumers think, feel, reason, and select between different alternatives i.e. brands, products, and retailers. The behavior of consumers while shopping or making other marketing decisions. Limitations in consumer knowledge or information processing abilities influence decisions and marketing outcome. How consumer motivation and decision strategies differ between products that differ in their level of importance or interest that they entail for the consumer? How marketers can adapt and improve their marketing campaigns and marketing strategies to more effectively reach the consumer? Research on factors affecting Consumer Behavior Based on P. Kotler’s framework for consumer buying process The advent of technology has helped us in mapping the factors that influence consumer buying behavior. These can be grouped as: What brand in a given product category was bought during the last, or a series of past, purchase occasions Whether, and if so, how many times a consumer has seen an ad for the brand in question Whether the target brand   is on sale during the store visit Whether any brand had preferential display space The impact of income and/or family size on purchase patterns Relationship marketing has come up in a big way in influencing consumer behavior. Relationship managers have come to symbolize the increasingly blurred line between marketing and selling by establishing a purchase-exchange process with a by providing a more holistic, personalized purchase, and uses the experience to create stronger ties (Young, Charles E,2002). Other major factor that contributes in consumer buying behavior is: Market segmentation A market segment is a sub-set of a market made up of people or organizations with one or more characteristics that cause them to demand similar product and/or services based on qualities of those products such as price or function. A true market segment meets all of the following criteria: it is distinct from other segments (different segments have different needs) (P. Kotler, 2003), it is homogeneous within the segment (exhibits common needs); it responds similarly to a market stimulus, and it can be reached by a market intervention. Models used for influencing Consumer Behavior Advertising models used for co relating consumer buying behavior and advertising use the following variables as part of their studies. Depending on the type of model used, these variables are assigned different weight ages, which are ultimately used to compute the final result. Stage Dependent variable of interest Typical model used for research Need Arousal Purchase (category choice) Purchase   timingBinary choice models  Ã‚  Ã‚  Information Awareness (aided/ unaided) Consideration revoked set Choice set Belief dynamicsIndividual awareness models Consideration models  Ã‚  Ã‚  EvaluationProduct perceptions Product preferencesPerceptual mapping/ multidimensional scaling model Attitude models: Compensatory Non-compensatoryPurchaseBrand choice Store choice Quantity choiceDiscrete choice models Hierarchical modelsPost PurchaseBrand satisfaction/satiation Word-of-mouthSatisfaction models Variety-seeking models Communications network From John H. Roberts and Gary L. Lilien: Explanatory and Predictive Models of Consumer Behavior The most common of the models listed above consist of the following: 1. Preference formulation basis Beliefs about products (perceptions) can be measured directly by asking consumers how much of a feature they perceive a certain product to contain, or they can be inferred, by asking consumers how similar certain products are and then inferring what discriminates between different products (Bass, Frank M, 1973). Here the strategy is to align the consumer preferences with that which is being offered by the company. 2. Compensatory/ Evaluation model In a compensatory model, the weakness of a brand or product on one dimension can be compensated for by strength on another, and those strengths or weaknesses are combined to determine an attitude toward the brand (Bhagat and Jagdish N. Sheth 1974). In non-compensatory models, usually only a small number of attributes (two or three. say) are wed to evaluate a brand, and shortcomings on one attribute cannot be overcome by favorable levels of another. Here products are complemented against one another so as to augments each other’s strengths and cancel out their weaknesses. 3. Model of awareness Once a consumer recognizes a need, he enters a state of heightened awareness in which he seeks more information about brands or products that could satisfy that need. Evaluation and brand choice take place based on the information resulting from this search. Here the main goal is to make the maximum number of target audience aware about the product and its offerings. 4. Satisfaction models The modeling of consumer satisfaction is based on the confirmation / disconfirmation paradigm. Confirmation occurs when the consumers perception of how the product performs after purchase matches the expectation the consumer had prior to purchase. Positive disconfirmation occurs when product performance exceeds expectations; negative expectations occur when the product falls below expectations (Stuart, Ewen, 2005). Here we try to find out if the product is fulfilling the need gap perceived by the customer and what is offered by the company in the form of its product offering. 5. Brand Attitudinal model The model proposed attempts to predict behavioral intention toward a particular brand within a product class across situations. The situational variables included consider the conditions necessary for a particular situation to affect the choice of a particular brand. The individual must first encounter the situation and then the product must be suitable for use in that particular situation. If these conditions are met, the likelihood of the individual using a particular brand in a situation can be assessed. Here emphasis is given to the consumer preference or non-preference of a certain brand, compared to its competitors 6. Innovation diffusion model Diffusion is the process by which a new idea or new product is accepted by the market. The rate of diffusion is the speed that the new idea spreads from one consumer to the next. Adoption is similar to diffusion except that it deals with the psychological processes an individual goes through, rather than an aggregate market process. In economics it is more often named technological change Conclusion In a field as vast and diffuse as that of consumer behavior and consumer markets, it is difficult to develop a single best synthesis. We have drawn from developments in the literature of the behavioral sciences, economics, marketing, statistics, and the like and have categorized according to the stage or stages in the decision process to which those developments appear most applicable. Previous models overlap these processes and stages but this integrating framework provides a useful way of organizing this large, diverse literature. Most of the models and theories postulated above have been able to identify many cognitive, intensive and psychological factors which eventually go into the buying process for any individual. These are such as Purchase Awareness, Belief dynamics, Product perceptions, Product preferences, Brand choice, Store choice and Quantity choice. The future of consumer behavior modeling is bright; newer models are richer, more flexible, and more closely attuned to modern data sources. Yet many phenomena are poorly model at the moment. Many modern areas such as modeling consumer purchase heuristics, modeling consumers psychological processes, matching models to market segment, and modeling preferences can serve as fruitful areas that deserve intensive attention in the future. And so we can say with far more probability and accuracy that advertising do affect consumer behavior and also helps us to register our brand in their subconscious or conscious minds thereby helping the organization boost sales. References   Bass, Frank M. The Theory of Stochastic Preference and Brand Switching, Journal of Marketing Research, 11 (February 1974), 1-20. Belk, Russell W. An Exploratory Assessment of Situational Effects in E, Behavior, Journal of Marketing Research, 11 (May 1974), 156-163. Belk, Russell W. The Objective Situation as a Determinant of Consumer Behavior, Proceedings. Fifth Annual Conference, Association of Consumer Research, Chicago, 1974, forthcoming. Bhagat, Rabi S., P.S. Raju, and Jagdish N. Sheth (1974), The Prediction of Buying Intentions: A Comparative Study of the Predictive Efficacy Attitudinal Models,† New Orleans, Louisiana. 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